In bimetallic products, the two metals are held together rather than mixed together. A mixture of two (or more) metals is called an alloy. Bimetallic screw barrels are made of two metals or two metal alloys and are mainly coated with additional carbide layers and other commercial coating materials. Bi-metal screw barrels are not different types of screw barrels like advanced designs etc. It is possible to manufacture screw nitriding and bimetallic methods of the same design.
Bimetallic screw barrels are made of two alloys: one as the base material and the other as the coating material, so they have a longer life than single metal steel. But this is not the case in all cases, for example, Raj Engineering makes tightening (up to 1250mm) lengths in D2 grade tool steel (monometallic), so these screws will last the same as bimetallic screws.
Plastic, rubber, food, and chemical processing feed screw barrels are basically round, threaded metal shafts with tight tolerances. They are always at risk of wear or corrosion due to the harsh high pressure environment. That's why the screw barrels are made from selected grades of steel, case hardened, and nitrided to address these issues.